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PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

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PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY


Biology has been divided into Botany and Zoology on the basis of the nature of living beings. In spite of this, nowadays extensive research has been done on Microorganism. They influence human life in various ways. So for discussion about them, a new branch is made. This is known as Microbiology. Considering the subjects of living bodies on which discussion is made the whole range of Biology is divided into the following main branches.

1. Morphology: This branch deals with both the external and internal structures of an organism. The subject concerning internal structures is also known as Anatomy.

2. Cytology: Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology.

3. Histology: In this branch, the discussion is made on the structure, location, and function of different tissues.

4. Physiology: This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis, and other biological activities.

5. Taxonomy: In this branch, the discussion is made on the identification nomenclature and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.

6. Genetics: How different characters are inherited from parents to offsprings, and how the processes can be controlled and improved, etc. are brought under study and research in this branch. 7. Ecology: This branch considers the effects of the environment on living organisms or living communities and also an interaction between them. 8. Evolution: This branch deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms.

The groups discussed above are the basic branches of Biology. Scientists gradually started to utilize the knowledge of these branches for human welfare, and as a result, applied branches of Biology were created. Agriculture, Medical science, Breeding, etc. are some of the important applied branches of Biology. Applied Biology also includes Forestry and Horticulture, Fishery, Pest Control. Animal Husbandry etc.
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