Theory of Relativity - Only Science

 

Theory of Relativity

Einstein's theory of relativity is one of the most exciting theories in physics. This theory created a new era in the world of physics. According to this theory, space, time, and object or mass are not absolute but relative.

Albert Einstein introduced this theory in 1905 by introducing the theory of special relativity. Scientist Sir Isaac Newton held space, time, and mass to be neutral, meaning that their values would always be constant. But Albert Einstein said that space, time, and mass are not neutral, they are variable.

There are basically two theories of relativity:

1. General Theory of Relativity: General relativity or the general theory of relativity refers to the geometric theory of gravitation discovered by the scientist Albert Einstein in 1915-1918.
2. Special Theory of Relativity: Special relativity or the special theory of relativity is a generally accepted and strongly supported theory of the interrelationship of space and time. Special relativity is considered a special form of general relativity.

Space, time, and mass:

Space:

Sir Isaac Newton: According to the scientist Newton, space is an absolute thing that resides within itself. It is not related to anything outside and is not affected by the environment. For example, the length of an object does not depend on the motion of the object or the observer and is unchanged in the stationary state.

Albert Einstein: The scientist Einstein proved that the three basic quantities (space, time, mass) of classical mechanics change with speed. The length of an object in motion is smaller than the length of a stationary object. Thus the length of the object is compressed with motion.

Time:

Sir Isaac Newton: According to the scientist Newton, time is inherently an absolute quantity, which depends on something outside. Thus time is universal which does not depend on the motion of the object or the observer.

Albert Einstein: An event occurring in an inert or stationary structure can be observed from any other structure moving relative to that structure and it can be seen that the time interval between events has increased. This is called time dilation. Thus time expands with speed.

Mass:

Sir Isaac Newton: In Newtonian mechanics, the mass of an object is a fundamental quantity that is not dependent on its motion.

Albert Einstein: As the object moves, its mass increases. When an object is in a stationary state, its mass increases when it is in motion. When an object has a moving mass m, a stationary mass m', and an object moving at a velocity v: